What Executive Managers Need to Know About the KMM and Developing Business Agility

Executive  management decisions and leadership determine a company’s purpose, behaviors, relationships, work practices and ability to adapt to changes  in their business environment quickly with endurable economic impact.  Developing a resilient and robust business with fast changes always  happening in the market, technological, and social environment is a  challenging goal. Therefore, the usual questions C-level Managers ask  are related to what developing business agility implies for senior-level managers and how to define the right approach to it.

Three years ago, David Anderson and I launched the Kanban Maturity  Model. Since then we have been teaching and helping a number of Kanban  coaches to understand it and to apply it in real business situations.  The first case studies are already published on our website. I myself  have been using it actively in different business sectors such as  finance, insurance and the engineering industry.

The observations and experience that we collected this whole time  help us to give pragmatic, actionable guidance to executive managers who  want to develop their business agility and are committed to lead these  journeys.

What is business agility and what does it imply?

Business agility is a hot topic, and I have talked about it with  quite a few senior-level managers and business owners. They all share  the need to shorten the time to market, the ability to adapt faster to  changes in customer expectations or market context, to increase  efficiency, and to reduce costs. However, they have a different  understanding of what it implies to develop these abilities.

I would categorize their viewpoints in the following manner:

  • Not for us. Managers are agile. Teams have to become Agile too. – These are the managers who believe that all they need is Agile teams  and little or no change in middle or senior level management. They think  that Agile teams are constructed precisely to cope with changing  priorities. Transparent and collaborative forms of work are difficult to  accept for this group of bosses. Trey find restrictions and control  more powerful than building trust and empowerment.
  • We did it without effect. Agile implementation does not bring benefits to the business. – These are managers of companies that have implemented Agile practices at team level and conduct all ceremonies regularly. However, management culture stays the same. No social change has  occurred in the organization. Therefore, these organizations see little  or no improvement at business level. They feel stuck, unhappy with the  situation but not doing anything about it either.
    The subtle  difference from the first and second group is that those who say “this  is not for us” do not even think that change at management level might  be necessary, while those who think “we did it without effect” consider  that they took actions to improve business agility but the Agile methods  were not effective.
  • We all have to change. Appropriate change of culture and management practices are needed for business agility. – This is the group of business owners and executive managers who  understand that growing business agility requires an integral change of  culture and management practices at all organizational levels. This  change is part of their business strategy.

The CEO of one company told me the following in my first meeting with them:

“To stay competitive, we need to change the way we manage our projects. This requires change in our culture.
This is the change that I boost from my position. Therefore, we want to start with Kanban”.

Until recently, following the inertia might have been possible in  relatively stable businesses. However, for the last couple of months the  coronavirus crisis changed the business context significantly.  Continuing the old way of thinking and behaving is not an option anymore  if the business is to survive and thrive in the new situation.

KMM and Business Agility

Business agility requires developing the capabilities that allow the  organization to obtain rapid feedback (from customers, the market,  technology state of the art, business and sociological context), define  goals and move quickly towards them. This implies strong executive  management commitment and appropriate actions that unite, align and  focus development activities on the new customer expectations and  business purpose.

“The Kanban Maturity Model describes practices which develop culture for business agility.
Senior-level leadership is essential to spark the evolution and achieve success.”

The Kanban Maturity Model is based on four pillars which interact strongly:

  • Cultural valuesEstablish the basis for introducing practices.
  • Kanban practicesStrengthen values and ensure business outcomes
  • Business outcomesDemonstrate the outcome of practices and culture.
  • Managed evolutionGuidelines on how to stress an organization just enough to make it reflect, evolve and become fitter in their business context.

Evolving Through the Organizational Maturity Levels and Executive Management’s Role in It

Our experience with the KMM and with guiding successful evolutionary organizational change shows a pattern of actions and effects. Namely,  the following one:

  1. Start with cultural values – Trigger conversations  about new values and desired behaviours that would bring desired  benefits to the organization and its people. Make other managers and  staff reflect on what practices are necessary to achieve the benefits.
  2. Introduce appropriate Kanban practices – Select  appropriate practices from the maturity level to which the values  belong; these practices are proven to prevent resistance, strengthen the values and develop the organizational capabilities for business agility.
    Introduce the selected practices by means of scientific experiments.
  3. Turn practices into habits and continue to step 1.

So, how does one start and what should they focus their actions on?

Every organizational context is different. At the same time, when  talking about evolving organizational culture and work practices,  challenges are quite similar.

Three years of active validation and further development of the KMM have shown us what cultural values and key Kanban practices develop the organizational skills we observe at each organizational maturity level. You can find the  descriptions of the full list of Kanban practices in the upcoming book.

If you have employees specialized  in particular tasks and working alone on them, make them focus on the  assignments. Help them organize their work as to feel proud of their  achievement. Let them see themselves as service providers and take accountability for it.

  • Focus on making individuals start working collaboratively. Help them  see that a team achieves better results than a group of individuals.
  • Build their confidence in organizing their work using explicit policies. Everyone has to respect the established policies, including the  managers. Substitute the policy “Boss’ requests first” by objective  work-related criteria.
  • Make them feel proud of what they achieve as a team. Let them take  initiative to improve what they see appropriate in order to improve  internal organization and delivered results.

This is the point at which middle and senior-level leadership becomes essential.

  • Connect teams and enable their cooperation in an end-to-end workflow which develops and delivers a service to a customer.
  • Build the understanding that the team’s job is to deliver a service  to a customer or to the wider workflow through which customer value is  created.
  • Facilitate the definition of explicit policies which manage  dependencies between teams and facilitate decision making for a faster  flow of results.
  • Shift the management focus from ensuring that people are busy to  assuring flow, i.e. progression of work towards delivery to the  customer.
  • Involve the teams in developing the shared understanding of the  end-to-end process and what impedes flow. Work with them on identifying, experimenting, and implementing appropriate ideas that improve  service/product delivery time and quality as well as issue resolution  time and effort.

Creating a fit-for-purpose  organization goes beyond creating a team or a group of teams delivering a  service or product. It is about the entire organization.

At this level executive management role and leadership starts with  defining a purpose and working on uniting and aligning the entire  organization around this shared purpose. Effectively, this means the  following:

  • Complement the focus on the customer with the understanding of  customer needs and manage services as to ensure that they meet their  customers’ expectations
  • Encourage and enable that services are managed based on deeper  quantitative understanding of flow, demand, and capability, and that  decisions for selecting and starting a work item take into consideration  available capacity.
  • Develop leadership at all organizational levels so that all business  units cooperate effectively. Moreover, in critical situations, the  managers are able to agree and execute decisions which allow the  business to recover rapidly, adapt quickly and thrive.
  • Build up the culture of continuous improvement which includes  improving sustainability, processes, professional development of  individuals, relationships within the organization and with customers.
  • Educate decision making based on data and statistics, experiment evidences and causal analysis
  • Focus actions on maintaining all business aspects in balance:  employee satisfaction, fulfilling customer expectations, shareholders’  objectives and regulatory authorities
  • Strengthen joint work of employees at different organizational levels to increase trust
  • Develop leadership skills to increase unity and alignment while building a culture of competitiveness and fairness.

At maturity level 5 and 6 organizations are focused on optimizing for  market leadership, anticipating the future, reinventing the business  and ensuring  long-term survival.

The majority of the organizations are still at maturity level 1 and  2. Therefore, our principal goal is to help them evolve and build the  culture that helps them achieve better business outcomes. Thus, in this  article I will not go deeper in the description for ML5&6.